Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears: prevalence and risk factors in the third millennium.

Preconceptional counseling of women with previous third and fourth degree perineal tears

More than 85% of women in the United Kingdom (UK) sustain some form of perineal trauma during childbirth1. In the majority of instances, only the perineal skin, vaginal epithelium and superficial muscles are involved, and such tears are only rarely associated with serious sequelae. Tears involving the anal sphincter, however, can have long-term impact on a woman’s quality of life. Sultan2 origi...

A randomized control trial evaluating the prevalence of obstetrical anal sphincter injuries in primigravida in routine versus selective mediolateral episiotomy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of obstetrical anal sphincter injuries (OASIS), which include third and fourth degree perineal tears in primigravida in routine versus selective mediolateral episiotomy. Secondly, to determine the rate of episiotomy in local settings. METHODS This randomized control trial was carried out in the labor ward of a tertiary hospital of the Universiti Kebangsaan...

عوامل مرتبط با پارگی درجه چهارم در زایمان واژینال

Background: To identify the risk factors of fourth-degree laceration during vaginal delivery. Methods: This is a retrospective, case control study. We reviewed 131802 records of vaginal deliveries within 14 years period from 1990 to 2004 in two obstetric center. Cases were 93 vaginal deliveries with fourth-degree laceration and 7 cases were delivered at home, control subjects were 200 vaginal...

The Management of Third- and Fourth-Degree Perineal Tears

Differences in outcomes after third- versus fourth-degree perineal laceration repair: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes after third- versus fourth-degree laceration repair. STUDY DESIGN Fifty-six primiparous women who sustained a third- or fourth-degree tear were enrolled at delivery and demographic and obstetric data were collected. At 6 weeks' postpartum, subjects completed a bowel function questionnaire and endoanal ultrasonography was performed. F...